In Pakistan, there is no automatic concept of marital property division like in some Western countries. Property legally owned by each spouse remains with them unless jointly owned. However, Haq Mehr (dower) agreed upon at the time of nikah must be paid to the wife, and any jointly acquired assets can be claimed based on contribution and evidence.

Child custody in Pakistan is governed by the Guardian and Wards Act, 1890. Courts prioritize the welfare of the child. Mothers usually have custodial rights (Hizanat) for younger children, especially up to age 7 for sons and puberty for daughters, while fathers typically retain guardianship (Wilayat) rights and may gain custody after these ages depending on circumstances.

Visitation rights are granted by the court to the non-custodial parent. These are structured keeping the child’s welfare and routine in mind. If disputes arise, the court may modify visitation schedules to suit the child’s best interests.

Under Islamic and Pakistani law, a husband is obligated to provide nafaqah (maintenance) to his wife during marriage and iddat (post-divorce waiting period). If a wife is unable to support herself after divorce and the husband is financially capable, courts may direct continued maintenance based on need.

Yes. Custody or visitation orders can be modified by the family court if there is a significant change in circumstances, such as changes in the child’s health, education, or the conduct of the custodial parent.

In cases of domestic violence or abuse, a woman can seek protection under the Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act 2016 (or relevant provincial law). She may apply for a protection order through the court, which can include restraining the abusive party from contact or proximity.

Prenuptial agreements, though uncommon in Pakistan, can be drafted and recognized under contract law if they are fair, lawful, and do not contradict Islamic principles. The Nikahnama itself serves as a basic binding agreement covering financial terms like Haq Mehr.

Alternatives include family mediation, arbitration, and community or religious dispute resolution mechanisms. These can be effective in resolving disputes related to divorce, custody, and inheritance without prolonged litigation.